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Stimulants can improve your ability to focus and control impulses by increasing levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. They come in immediate-release (short-acting) and extended-release tablets that are taken every day, typically in the morning.
Nonstimulant drugs are more difficult to use but they can improve attention and impulse control. Atomoxetine, Viloxazine and guanfacine are antidepressants that boost norepinephrine levels.
Stimulants
The most frequently prescribed ADHD medications contain stimulants such as dexamphetamine, methylphenidate and Lisdexamfetamine. These drugs boost the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. These neurotransmitters aid the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible the planning and organization of tasks. Stimulants reduce ADHD symptoms in around 70% to 80% of children and adults who take them. The symptoms include fidgeting and talking over others. They can also cause inability to finish or completing tasks, and difficulties finishing or working through tasks. The medication can also help reduce social problems such as not being in a position to listen to others and having difficulty keeping promises.
The medication starts to work as soon it crosses the blood-brain barrier that can take between 45 to 60 minutes. This explains why people often notice changes right away. For children, a doctor might recommend an "start low and then increase" approach and gradually increase the dosage over three or four weeks. Teachers and parents can provide feedback on the effectiveness of the medication throughout this time. Doctors can also observe the effects by using scales such as the Connor global index score, which measures a child's performance against other children of the same gender and age who don't have ADHD.
The doctor will discuss with the patient and their family members about the risks and benefits, as well as the negative side effects of different medications. It is essential to tell the truth, particularly if you don't see any improvement with your medication. The GP may suggest an alternative treatment.
Non-stimulant drugs
A variety of other medications are also used to treat ADHD. Bupropion (Wellbutrin), an antidepressant that increases the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, is one of these medications. Other older medications, like tricyclics are also used. These drugs are less likely than stimulants to cause side effects, but can take a while to work.
Disorders of the psychiatric spectrum
Disorders of the mind, such as depression and anxiety, can coexist with ADHD and make it difficult for patients to achieve the best results from their medication. In many instances, a doctor will treat the mood disorder and reassess their patient.
Abuse
Particularly among teenagers and adolescents who are taking stimulant medication for their weight-loss or energy-boosting effects They can be misused. They are also susceptible to abuse by those who have a history of alcohol and substance abuse, or with a family or personal history of mental health issues like bipolar disorder.
It can be frustrating to not get immediate results from ADHD medication. It is crucial to remember that a majority of people will need to try several types of medication before finding one that provides relief from their symptoms. It is also essential to stay to the medication for as long as possible, and make regular visits to the GP to monitor progress and watch for adverse effects. These will help the GP determine if the current dosage is adequate or needs to be increased or if the medication must be changed to another type or combination of medications. GPs can help identify lifestyle and behavioral modifications that could enhance the effect of medication.